A fund buying bank repossessions directly from Spanish banks
The fund pursues a unique investment strategy of recurrently:
- Acquiring,
- repossessing and
- reselling residential properties in well-populated Spanish regions.
The properties may be subject to adverse possession or “Squatters”, which is resolved by reaching an amicable financial settlement with the occupant. If this doesn’t work, the fund will start a legal procedure and this will take a maximum of 3 years to get full ownership. 90% of the time the fund will get an agreement with the current squatters.
The Fund will cherry-pick properties among portfolios of occupied residential assets offered by financial institutions.

Example of a Bank repossession in Spain in the portfolio
An institutional manager based in Madrid
The fund manager is active for more than 10 years in this market.
Of course, as the fund manager is well known in Spain, they get portfolios all the time from the biggest banks in Spain.
The assets are only offered to a select group of reputable buyers, like the institutional manager managing the fund, due to the complex nature of solving potential adverse possession situations.
They told us that unique sourcing and strict discipline enables the Fund to buy at very deep discounts vs the current market price as they have to get the property back to the market (before tax expenses), but yes that’s why there is a nice margin left for the buyer, not bad!
The Fund Manager will partner with the leading Spanish-occupied real estate specialist which employs a socially responsible repossession procedure based on mutual agreement Ethical conduct, compliance and strict adherence to legislation are essential.
Financial settlement occupants are offered financial compensation in return for vacating the property voluntarily.
The Luxembourg fund will reinvest in new properties continuously
The fund has an open-ended structure, which means that it will stay open as long as the opportunity is present for the fund manager, and is full AIFM regulated and registered in Luxembourg as a “Reserved Alternative Investment Fund” (RAIF) which allows the fund to invest directly in real estate.
The proceeds from sales will be redeployed to buy new portfolios.
The average holding period of a property is 18 months.
Win-win for all the parties involved:
- banks can offload risk assets sooner,
- occupants agree with the manager to relocate thanks to a mutual agreement.
Target Net Return
The open-ended fund was launched in 2021 and targets annual net returns of 8.5% to 11% without leverage in a stagnating housing market. Over time the fund may use limited leverage for enhancing returns to 11% -14%.
The fund manager based in Madrid has been running these strategies since 2011, which is why they could give return targets.
High-demand area’s
The fund will exclusively focus on well-populated area’s which have sufficient transaction volume i.e. no rural area’s. A majority of assets will be located in major cities focused on Spanish citizens, not tourists.
Buffers against capital losses
The fund is buying at very deep discounts, so even after accounting for all costs and taxes, post-COVID real estate prices would have to decline by more than 12% to make a small capital loss, according to the manager. In addition, the Fund is spreading asset purchases over time making it less sensitive to price shocks compared to closed-end real estate funds.
Unique proprietary technology
Each property is appraised by a proprietary big data valuation software, which tracks key features (e.g. price, location, surface, floor, amenities,…) of 25mm references gathered over many years. Each appraisal is also supported by a dedicated team of analysts. In addition, a third party will be appointed to verify the value of the holdings.
Strategy with a track record
The fund manager told us that they did successfully repossessed and resold over 2,500 assets since 2011. Over 90% of historical property portfolios were eventually sold at a profit that was in line with or above the Fund’s target return.
Ethical & socially responsible procedures
Based on reaching a voluntary agreement with occupant(s). No occupant is ever threatened or evicted by any other means except those explicitly approved by banks and the law.
High barriers to entry
This is a niche strategy that is difficult to copy, banks are only willing to sell large portfolios to a legitimate buyer with national coverage who uphold strong compliance standards.
Limited correlation to financial markets
They described this strategy as an alternative investment strategy focused on existing residential real estate (no development).
A specific opportunity existing only in Spain
Due to inertia of legal procedures, the culture of ‘occupants’ and the recovery of a major real estate crisis.
Since the Global Financial Crisis and the ensuing real estate crisis in Spain, the national and regional lenders have unwillingly become large real estate owners.
Unfavourable impact on bank balances sheets
Not only do banks lack the expertise and staff to properly manage real estate, but the assets also have an unfavourable impact on their minimum capital requirements.
Many properties have sat idle on banks balance sheets for years, and in the meantime have become occupied by people that have gained unlawful entry to the property and now live in it for free.
In Spain, it may take years for owners to obtain court approval to evict unauthorised occupants. In 2018 it became possible for natural persons to pursue an “express judicial procedure”, a procedure which can still take months to evict occupants out of their own homes, but this is not the case for owners that are legal entities as banks real estate funds. Despite being very slow, the Spanish judicial system eventually favours the rightful owner.
Spanish banks are still offloading legacy real estate portfolios from the 2008 crisis, as well as annually foreclosing over 25 000 assets based on police data, at least 87 000 homes are subject to adverse possession, although some consultants estimate the real number closer to 100 000.

Another example of a Spanish bank repossessed property
What is the investment process?
There are 4 steps:
1. Appraisal
The local partner, thanks to reputation and network, has the opportunity to bid on and cherry-pick from hundreds of assets per week from different institutional sellers.
Each asset is appraised by proprietary software that sources data from 20 million assets This value is the market value or minimum selling target, under normal conditions.
Each appraisal is verified by a team of professionals.
2. Acquisition
Next, they apply a strong discount on top of accounting for fees for acquisition, repossession and sale, which leaves a substantial profit margin to the fund.
The local partner is bidding on assets all year round, negotiations with banks may take many months due to aggressive bidding (only a small share of bids are ever accepted). The Fund will never acquire portfolio’s below its ROI threshold In addition we may order a third party appraisal of all the individual assets in a portfolio.
3. Repossession
Each occupied asset is visited by a trained in-house staff member. After identifying the occupant(s), the staff member starts the negotiation.
The selling bank has already initiated a legal eviction process, so the occupant is often more inclined to accept vacating the property rather than risk contact with law enforcement.
If the negotiation doesn’t work (ca 10% of cases) the fund will pursue judicial track
4. Sale
The asset is cleaned, and secured (new lock, fortified doors, alarm) as well as lightly refurbished where necessary.
The fund hires a network of local real estate agents to sell and promote the repossessed assets.
Some assets will already be sold 4 months after purchase, 50 within 16 months and 80 within 2 years

Another building of a Spanish bank repossession from the portfolio
More on Bank Repossessions in Spain
90% of adverse possession occupancies are resolved through mutual agreement (outside of court)
1. Legal procedure
Usually, a legal eviction procedure is initiated before the acquisition (by banks). In Spain however, this can be a very cumbersome process, taking up to several years. This track is nevertheless pursued to have some leverage in the negotiation process. All processes strictly comply with legal regulations and are approved by the sellers
2. Visit Property
Once the judicial procedure has been initiated, the occupant is notified and visited to explain the situation. Not used to this personal approach, some occupants may already leave. Most leave after negotiating compensation for foregoing a few months of rent (as they know they will otherwise be evicted at some point).
3. Negotiate repossession
More than 90 of the assets are repossessed through mutual agreement, the rest via legal procedures. Banks and funds are unable to pursue this strategy due to the risk of attracting even more occupants to all their empty assets.
Hundred of the negotiators are proprietary staff (none outsourced), specialized in repossessing occupied assets in Spain.
4. Security and refurbishment
Once the property is vacated, it is professionally cleaned, and a fortified door, new lock and alarm system are put in place (to avoid people reoccupying) If needed, some basic painting refurbishment is done, however, the apartments are typically sold in their existing condition (at small discounts compared to fully refurbished or new apartments)